he bunch number per plant and berry number per bunch account for about 90% of grapevine yield variation. These components are sensitive to water and nitrogen stress, even mild, during a critical period that occurs between 400 and 700◦Cd after bud- burst in season 1. Together, these two results lead to the conclusion that in our experimental conditions more than half the grapevine yield of season 2 was determined by water and nitrogen stresses during the critical period of season 1. What happens during this critical period defines a maximum yield that could be reached in season 2 by setting maximum values of bud fertility and number of flowers per inflorescence (Fig. 5). FTSW,