For the next reaction step involving alkaline catalyzed transesterification
of the extracted oil samples with lower FFA, KOH
was used as suggested by several researchers (Sharma et al., 2008;
Tomasevic and Siler-Marinkovic, 2003). The temperature of the
transesterification reaction was set at 60 ◦C as recommended by
Encinar et al. (2007) with a 6:1 molar ratio of methanol to TG as
recommended by Freedman et al. (1984) and Meher et al. (2006).
The reaction time was maintained at 60 min (Ghedge and Raheman,
2006). The preheated methanolic KOH mixture was added to the
treated CPO in a 250 mL two necked-flask with constant stirring.
After the reaction products had settled, the upper layer mainly
consisting of the palm oil methyl ester (POME) was separated and
washed with hot water to remove the impurities such as soap, unreacted
methanol and residual KOH. The washed palm oil methyl
ester which now forms a crude biodiesel was dried under vacuum
at 90 ◦C for 4 h.
For the next reaction step involving alkaline catalyzed transesterification
of the extracted oil samples with lower FFA, KOH
was used as suggested by several researchers (Sharma et al., 2008;
Tomasevic and Siler-Marinkovic, 2003). The temperature of the
transesterification reaction was set at 60 ◦C as recommended by
Encinar et al. (2007) with a 6:1 molar ratio of methanol to TG as
recommended by Freedman et al. (1984) and Meher et al. (2006).
The reaction time was maintained at 60 min (Ghedge and Raheman,
2006). The preheated methanolic KOH mixture was added to the
treated CPO in a 250 mL two necked-flask with constant stirring.
After the reaction products had settled, the upper layer mainly
consisting of the palm oil methyl ester (POME) was separated and
washed with hot water to remove the impurities such as soap, unreacted
methanol and residual KOH. The washed palm oil methyl
ester which now forms a crude biodiesel was dried under vacuum
at 90 ◦C for 4 h.
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