A more reasoned approach to improving health literacy embraces the ecological model when designing interventions and employs theory-based logic models to facilitate actualization of the comprehensive model. Adopting an integrated behavioral health theory that operationalizes constructs of perceived benefits and threats, self-efficacy and social norms, along with broader social planning theory, could result in a powerful tool to design effective multilevel interventions to improve health literacy. The currently limited empirical data on the application of theory-based logic models to health literacy lends urgency to such a rigorous analysis, especially given the dramatic personal, economic, and health systems impact of poor health literacy.