Related to self-efficacy are constructs contained within outcome expectancy theories, which assume that individuals, including students, regularly assess the likelihood of attaining goals (Eccles & Wigfield, 2002; Wigfield & Eccles, 2000). One concept within outcome expectancy theories is expectancy value, or the degree to which individuals value these outcomes. An example of this is whether an individual believes they are likely to need STEM knowledge in a career. Collectively self-efficacy and outcome values form a set of core constructs that can influence motivation and persistence within an academic track (Schunk, 1991; Wigfield & Eccles, 2000).