The H3O+ (aq) ions are the acid particles in hydrochloric acid,the OH-(aq) ions are the base particles in sodiumhydroxide solution. The (aq) symbol showthe idea that the ions can move freely in thesolution. they are not linked to an ionic lattice like in solid sodium chloride. Other well-knownreactions such as sodium hydroxide-water mayfollow in order to acquire more experience with acid-base reactions
Neutralization. After the experiment of mixing hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxidesolution can formulate the reaction of H3O+(aq) ions and OH-(aq) ions, The equation may be mentioned in words:
hydrochloric acid (aq ) + sodium hydroxide (aq ) sodium chloride (aq ) + water.
After that, the beaker model is developed on the submicro level (see figure 3) andfinallyafter identifying the involved smallest particles, the equations are created on the thirdlevel:
H3O+(aq) + Cl-(aq) + Na+(aq) + OH-(aq) Na+(aq) + Cl(aq) + 2 H2O(aq) or:
H3O+(aq) + OH-(aq) 2 H2O(aq)
In particular it should be highlighted that for interpreting the neutralization reactionand theelectric conductivity is decreased. (see figure 4) not the number of ions gets smaller.but the H3O+(aq) ions are replaced by Na+(aq) ions.In Figure 3 the beaker model has fourions before the neutralization and four ions after the reaction that indicates thegood conductivity of H3O+(aq) ions before the neutralization and the decreasing conductivityduring neutralization due to the appearing Na+(aq) ions.