which involves reduction of energy supply to the
reproductive system due to energy redistribution throughout
the body as to compromise movement related to energy consumption.
8,9 As a complementary mechanism, the exerciseinduced
reduction of energy supply to reproduction system
activates neurodocrinological pathways, such as the HPO axis,
and rebalances the energy intake and energy expenditure to
support the reproductive function.8,9 Since low energy availability
is the primary factor that causes EAMD, in this study,
we examined whether carbohydrate supplements can reverse
EAMD and protect against exercise-induced impairment in
ovary as an important part of HPO axis regulation.