Hospitalization in neonatal intensive care units is
required by the preterm infants; various diagnostic,
surgical, or therapeutic procedures could be unpreventable
and resulted in pain experiences.
Exposure to repeated neonatal pain-related stress may
lead to poorer cognitive, motor, and behavioral neurodevelopment
in infants and children born very preterm.
Kangaroo Mother Care, as one non-pharmacological
method, has been established for the treatment of a
single painful procedure, but the effectiveness of
Kangaroo Mother Care across repeated painful procedures
is unknown.