who has a better memory of events and when they occur women or men
Have the major scientific goals of description, prediction, and understanding
been met in this study?
(a) What are the independent variable and the dependent variable in this study?
(b) Identify the specific levels of the independent variable in this study.
Were the levels of the independent variable manipulated or selected? Explain.
Evidence supporting a causal inference is obtained by establishing covariation of
cause and effect, a time-order relationship with cause preceding effect, and the
elimination of plausible alternative causes. In this study, (a) what specific
evidence is provided regarding a causal relationship? (b) What evidence is not provided?