Some phobic problems may require far more graded exposure, that is more sessions of shorter duration over a longer period of time. For example, some patients have a phobia about becoming incontinent of urine, and this may or may not stem from an experience when bladder control was lost Such a potentially distressing event as, for example, stress incontinence in females, or finding oneself in a situation where one has no access to a lavatory may have been the cause of the problem. However, In many cases, no obvious cause can be detected and, usually the management is likely to be the same. A sufferer would have usually reduced their fluid intake, and restricted journeys away from home Patients with this phobia may often plan any trips or excursions very carefully, so that they can map out lavatories en route, and may inappropriately use pads just in case'. Treatment for such a problem would consist of asking the patient to gradually increase fluid intake, and at the same time not to respond immediately to the perceptions of a full bladder and thus increase the time spent away from toilets. The therapist's main task therefore is that of assisting patients with the planning of their treatment programme and meeting them to monitor progress. Patients will generally keep a behavioural diary, including data concerning the amount of fluid consumed, the number of urinations, and places visited, together with n rating of anxiety or each task undertaken. Such treatment usually has an excellent outcome, but it may take several weeks or months for patients to re-train themselves appropriately.