Recent studies have demonstrated that the host genetic background may play a crucial role in the development of cervical cancer. In humans, the major histocompatibility complex is referred to as the HLA system. This group of genes resides on chromosome 6 and encodes several proteins, including the HLA class II histocompatibility antigens, which are essential for the functions of the human immune system. HLA class II molecules are expressed on the surface of antigen-presenting cells and consist of an alpha chain (DRA) and a beta chain (DRB). The most prevalent beta subunit of HLA-DR is DRB1-9, encoded by the HLA-DRB1 gene, which plays a central role in the immune system by presenting peptides derived from extracellular proteins.