With no exception, Brazilian interviewees expressed great enthusiasm for sharing
information with others in their organization. At the same time, the in-group and out-group
distinction could be a barrier to knowledge transfer from Brazilian employees to dealership
employees. For instance, when asked who should be managing local knowledge-sharing
communities, nobody wanted US expatriates or local dealers to do the job. Several
participants were referring to both of these groups as ‘‘outsiders,’’ even though, in the case