Fig. 3. Effects of PAFS on soil pH (a), CaCO3 (b), exchangeable Na+ (c), and ESP (d) in field experiment. CK0: unreclaimed, CK1: plot cultivated with rice for one year without
PAFS treatment, CK2: plot cultivated with rice for two years without PAFS treatment, T1: PAFS treatment during the first year of rice cultivation. Vertical bars indicate standard
errors. Different letters above the same soil depth indicate significant differences at P