Al2O3/(CaO + Na2O)–Fe2O3 + MgO diagrams, many of points
from the Fat’ha and Injana formations cluster around the
Active Continental Margin (ACM) and Continental Island Arc
(CIA) and to a lesser extent around Passive Margin (PM).
Active continental margin and continental island-arc sediments
are moderately quartzose, derived from tectonically active
margins such as uplifted areas associated with strike-slip faults
and deposited in pull-apart basins (Bhatia, 1983). It closely
resembles the Miocene basin of northern Iraq as a foreland
marginal basin formed in tectonically unstable area after the
continental collision between the Arabian passive margin and
the active margins of Iran and Turkey and resulted in
deposition of lithic sandstones rich in rock fragments of
different origins, mainly sedimentary.