Thirty-five patients (21 men and 14 women) with a mean age of 47.68 years (range, 30–60 years), sedentary but in good general health, and free of any medical or psychologiccal contraindications for low to moderate-intensity AE were recruited for the study. Thirty four of the above patients with LBP (one control patient died of an unrelated cause) participated in the 30-month follow-up program.