A total of 7450 UDS tests were performed during the study period (88% men and 12% women), out of which 720 (9.6%) were positive for ATS (Fig. 1). Median age of the APUDS population was 29 years with male predominance (98%). Out of the 720 APUDS, 209 (29%) and 134 (18.6%) underwent concurrent TnI and CK-MB testing, respectively. Values of 50 TnI and 60 CK-MB tests were identified to satisfy the definition of acute myocardial injury (>0.3 μg/L and >7.5 μg/L, respectively, according to the manufacturer cutoff values and our laboratory reference range). Forty-two individuals (5.8% of the total APUDS population and 17.4% of the admitted APUDS individuals) were identified to have documented CV complications (CV group). These individual were all men and their baseline characteristics are shown in Table 1 and Fig. 2.