44. It is understandable that different scientists could reasonably come to different conclusions about the sample sizes, in view of the computational methodology used in JARPA II, the elements of discretion involved in choosing the statistical parameters upon which sample calculations are made, and the range of variables which can lead to a range of possible sample sizes. However, I must say that I do not understand how the majority came to the conclusion that “the sample sizes are larger than are reasonable in relation to achieving JARPA II’s stated objectives” (paragraph 212). It is not indicated anywhere in the Judgment what methodology or criteria should be used to arrive at “reasonable” sample sizes in light of the objectives of JARPA II or what “reasonable” sample sizes should be. Nor does the Judgment provide an indication of what sample sizes would be most appropriate to the objectives of JARPA II. Indeed, it would be difficult for a Court of law to reach such a determination, which befits scientists, not jurists.
45. The above analysis shows that the special permits issued by Japan in connection with JARPA II clearly comply with the requirements and conditions prescribed by the provisions of the ICRW and related Guidelines dealing with special permits issued for purposes of scientific research, and that JARPA II has been acknowledged by the Scientific Committee of the IWC to contribute to the understanding of Antarctic minke whale dynamics and to be useful in the assessment of certain breeding stocks of humpback whales. These are not characteristics that can be associated with a programme the design and implementation of which are not for purposes of scientific research. The Scientific Committee of the IWC has pointed out on several occasions that “only scientific and not ethical issues should be considered” when issuing scientific permits29. A similar consideration should apply in the assessment of the legality of the authorization granted by Japan in connection with JARPA II.
46. Nonetheless, another issue that should have been addressed in the context of the legality of JARPA II is whether the evolving regulatory framework of the Convention setting zero catch limits and establishing the Southern Ocean sanctuary should be taken into account in interpreting Article VIII of the Convention and assessing the extent to which it might restrict the special permits issued under that provision for purposes of scientific research. It is my view that the Court should have assessed whether a programme, such as JARPA II, that continues to use lethal methods for purposes of scientific research under Article VIII, constitutes an anomaly, which may frustrate the object and purpose of the Convention in light of the conservationist approach adopted in the Convention in recent years. Such an assessment, in addition to anchoring the reasoning and conclusions of the Court on the law applicable to the dispute between the Parties, would have been of great value to the States Parties to the Convention in view of the growing disconnect between Article VIII and other provisions of the Convention on commercial whaling.
47. Article V of the Convention authorizes the IWC to make such amendments to the Schedule as are necessary to carry out the objectives and purposes of the Convention and to provide for the conservation, development and optimum utilization of whale resources. It also provides that such amendments shall be based on scientific research. In view of the recent amendments to the Schedule which have done away with the objective of optimum utilization of whale resources through the establishment of zero catch limits, the special permits issued under Article VIII had to be assessed in light of the overall evolution of the Convention and, in particular, of its object and purpose to ensure an integral and effective interpretation of all its provisions.
44.จะเข้าใจว่า นักวิทยาศาสตร์ต่าง ๆ ไม่สมเหตุสมผลมาบทสรุปต่าง ๆ เกี่ยวกับกลุ่มตัวอย่างขนาด มุมมองวิธีคำนวณที่ใช้ใน JARPA II องค์ประกอบของการพิจารณาที่เกี่ยวข้องในการเลือกพารามิเตอร์สถิติซึ่งตัวอย่างจะทำการคำนวณ และช่วงของตัวแปรซึ่งอาจมีขนาดตัวอย่างได้ อย่างไรก็ตาม ผมต้องบอกว่า ผมไม่เข้าใจว่าส่วนใหญ่มาถึงข้อสรุปที่ว่า "ขนาดตัวอย่างมีขนาดใหญ่กว่าสมเหตุสมผลเกี่ยวกับการบรรลุวัตถุประสงค์ที่ระบุไว้ JARPA II" (ย่อหน้า 212) มันไม่ระบุไว้ที่ใดก็ได้ในพิพากษาควรใช้วิธีการหรือเงื่อนไขใดถึงที่ "เหมาะสม" อย่างขนาดเมื่อวัตถุประสงค์ของ JARPA II หรือว่าขนาดตัวอย่างที่ "เหมาะสม" สิ่งที่ควร หรือไม่พิพากษาให้การบ่งชี้กลุ่มตัวอย่างขนาดใดจะเหมาะสมกับวัตถุประสงค์ของ JARPA II แน่นอน มันจะยากสำหรับกฎหมายของศาลเช่นการกำหนด ที่ befits นักวิทยาศาสตร์ jurists ไม่ถึง45. The above analysis shows that the special permits issued by Japan in connection with JARPA II clearly comply with the requirements and conditions prescribed by the provisions of the ICRW and related Guidelines dealing with special permits issued for purposes of scientific research, and that JARPA II has been acknowledged by the Scientific Committee of the IWC to contribute to the understanding of Antarctic minke whale dynamics and to be useful in the assessment of certain breeding stocks of humpback whales. These are not characteristics that can be associated with a programme the design and implementation of which are not for purposes of scientific research. The Scientific Committee of the IWC has pointed out on several occasions that “only scientific and not ethical issues should be considered” when issuing scientific permits29. A similar consideration should apply in the assessment of the legality of the authorization granted by Japan in connection with JARPA II.46. Nonetheless, another issue that should have been addressed in the context of the legality of JARPA II is whether the evolving regulatory framework of the Convention setting zero catch limits and establishing the Southern Ocean sanctuary should be taken into account in interpreting Article VIII of the Convention and assessing the extent to which it might restrict the special permits issued under that provision for purposes of scientific research. It is my view that the Court should have assessed whether a programme, such as JARPA II, that continues to use lethal methods for purposes of scientific research under Article VIII, constitutes an anomaly, which may frustrate the object and purpose of the Convention in light of the conservationist approach adopted in the Convention in recent years. Such an assessment, in addition to anchoring the reasoning and conclusions of the Court on the law applicable to the dispute between the Parties, would have been of great value to the States Parties to the Convention in view of the growing disconnect between Article VIII and other provisions of the Convention on commercial whaling.47. Article V of the Convention authorizes the IWC to make such amendments to the Schedule as are necessary to carry out the objectives and purposes of the Convention and to provide for the conservation, development and optimum utilization of whale resources. It also provides that such amendments shall be based on scientific research. In view of the recent amendments to the Schedule which have done away with the objective of optimum utilization of whale resources through the establishment of zero catch limits, the special permits issued under Article VIII had to be assessed in light of the overall evolution of the Convention and, in particular, of its object and purpose to ensure an integral and effective interpretation of all its provisions.
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