SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................... 1-1
2.0 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 2-1
2.1 Qualified Persons ............................................................................................................ 2-2
2.2 Information Sources ........................................................................................................ 2-2
2.3 Effective Dates ................................................................................................................ 2-2
2.4 Previous Technical Reports............................................................................................. 2-3
2.5 Technical Report Sections and Required Items under NI 43-101 ................................... 2-3
3.0 RELIANCE ON OTHER EXPERTS .............................................................................................. 3-1
4.0 PROPERTY DESCRIPTION AND LOCATION ............................................................................ 4-1
4.1 Location ........................................................................................................................... 4-1
4.2 Tenure History ................................................................................................................. 4-1
4.3 Property and Title in the Russian Federation .................................................................. 4-1
4.3.1 Mineral Tenure ................................................................................................... 4-1
4.3.2 Surface Rights .................................................................................................... 4-4
4.3.3 Water Rights ....................................................................................................... 4-4
4.3.4 Environmental ..................................................................................................... 4-4
4.4 Project Agreements ......................................................................................................... 4-5
4.5 Project Tenure ................................................................................................................. 4-6
4.5.1 Kupol License ..................................................................................................... 4-6
4.5.2 Satellite Properties ............................................................................................. 4-6
4.6 Project Surface Rights ..................................................................................................... 4-8
4.7 Royalties .......................................................................................................................... 4-8
4.8 Permits ............................................................................................................................. 4-8
4.9 Environmental .................................................................................................................. 4-9
5.0 ACCESSIBILITY, CLIMATE, LOCAL RESOURCES, INFRASTRUCTURE AND
PHYSIOGRAPHY ......................................................................................................................... 5-1
5.1 Accessibility ..................................................................................................................... 5-1
5.2 Climate ............................................................................................................................. 5-2
5.3 Local Resources and Infrastructure ................................................................................ 5-2
5.4 Physiography ................................................................................................................... 5-3
6.0 HISTORY ...................................................................................................................................... 6-1
7.0 GEOLOGICAL SETTING ............................................................................................................. 7-1
7.1 Regional Geology ............................................................................................................ 7-1
7.2 Project Geology ............................................................................................................... 7-2
7.3 Kupol Deposit .................................................................................................................. 7-2
7.3.1 Lithologies .......................................................................................................... 7-2
7.3.2 Structure ............................................................................................................. 7-7
7.3.3 Alteration ............................................................................................................ 7-9
7.3.4 Oxidation .......................................................................................................... 7-10
7.3.5 Mineralization ................................................................................................... 7-10
7.4 Prospects ....................................................................................................................... 7-24
7.4.1 Vtoryi................................................................................................................. 7-24
Kinross Gold Corporation
Kupol Mine
Russian Federation
NI 43-101 Technical Report
TOC ii
8.0 DEPOSIT TYPES ......................................................................................................................... 8-1
9.0 MINERALIZATION ....................................................................................................................... 9-1
10.0 EXPLORATION .......................................................................................................................... 10-1
10.1 Grids and Surveys ......................................................................................................... 10-1
10.2 Geological and Structural Mapping ............................................................................... 10-2
10.3 Geochemistry ................................................................................................................ 10-2
10.4 Geophysics .................................................................................................................... 10-4
10.5 Pitting and Trenching ..................................................................................................... 10-5
10.6 Drilling ............................................................................................................................ 10-5
10.7 Bulk Density ................................................................................................................... 10-5
10.8 Petrology, Mineralogy and Other Research Studies ..................................................... 10-5
10.9 Geotechnical and Hydrological Studies ......................................................................... 10-6
10.10 Exploration Potential ...................................................................................................... 10-6
10.10.1 Satellite Properties ........................................................................................... 10-6
10.10.2 East and West Kupol Licenses ......................................................................... 10-6
10.10.3 Dvoinoye Deposit and Vodorazdelnaya Property ............................................ 10-8
10.11 Comment on Section 10 .............................................................................................. 10-11
11.0 DRILLING ................................................................................................................................... 11-1
11.1 Drilling Methods and Equipment ................................................................................... 11-2
11.2 Logging Procedures ...................................................................................................... 11-2
11.3 Collar Surveys ............................................................................................................... 11-3
11.4 Downhole Surveys ......................................................................................................... 11-3
11.5 Recovery........................................................................................................................ 11-4
11.6 Underground Drilling ...................................................................................................... 11-4
11.7 Grade Control ................................................................................................................ 11-4
11.8 Kupol Deposit ................................................................................................................ 11-5
11.9 Comment on Section 11 ................................................................................................ 11-6
12.0 SAMPLING METHOD AND APPROACH .................................................................................. 12-1
12.1 Channel and Trench Sampling ...................................................................................... 12-1
12.2 Core Sampling ............................................................................................................... 12-1
12.3 Definition Drill Sampling ................................................................................................ 12-2
12.4 Underground Sampling .................................................................................................. 12-2
12.5 Density/Specific Gravity ................................................................................................. 12-3
12.6 Comment on Section 12 ...................