In contrast to the ruling in Tiffany v. eBay, the outcomes in similar
cases brought by trademark owners in the courts of various European
countries have been mixed. While a Belgian court reached a decision in the
case of Lancôme Parfums et Beauté & de v. eBay International ACf that is
in accordance with the U.S. decision in Tiffany v. eBay, most French courts
have taken a contrary view and ordered eBay to pay—for European
standards—substantial damages jointly with the seller of the product,^ while
other French courts have exempted eBay from liability,^ because of the
company's special status as a host provider according to the EU ECommerce
Directive.' In three decisions, Internet-Versteigerung