Abstract
Microbial biofilms are encased in a protein, DNA, and polysaccharide matrix that protects the community, promotes interactions with the
environment, and helps cells adhere together. The protein component of these matrices is often a remarkably stable, b-sheet-rich polymer called
amyloid. Amyloids form ordered, self-templating fibers that are highly aggregative, making them a valuable biofilm component. Some
eukaryotic proteins inappropriately adopt the amyloid fold, and these misfolded protein aggregates disrupt normal cellular proteostasis, which
can cause significant cytotoxicity. Indeed, until recently amyloids were considered solely the result of protein misfolding. However, research
over the past decade has revealed how various organisms have capitalized on the amyloid fold by developing sophisticated biogenesis pathways
that coordinate gene expression, protein folding, and secretion so that amyloid-related toxicities are minimized. How microbes manipulate
amyloids, by augmenting their advantageous properties and by reducing their undesirable properties, will be the subject of this review.
2012 Institut Pasteur. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved
AbstractMicrobial biofilms are encased in a protein, DNA, and polysaccharide matrix that protects the community, promotes interactions with theenvironment, and helps cells adhere together. The protein component of these matrices is often a remarkably stable, b-sheet-rich polymer calledamyloid. Amyloids form ordered, self-templating fibers that are highly aggregative, making them a valuable biofilm component. Someeukaryotic proteins inappropriately adopt the amyloid fold, and these misfolded protein aggregates disrupt normal cellular proteostasis, whichcan cause significant cytotoxicity. Indeed, until recently amyloids were considered solely the result of protein misfolding. However, researchover the past decade has revealed how various organisms have capitalized on the amyloid fold by developing sophisticated biogenesis pathwaysthat coordinate gene expression, protein folding, and secretion so that amyloid-related toxicities are minimized. How microbes manipulateamyloids, by augmenting their advantageous properties and by reducing their undesirable properties, will be the subject of this review. 2012 Institut Pasteur. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved
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