The Maillard Reaction (also known as browning)
is a type of non-enzymatic browning which
involves the reaction of simple sugars (carbonyl
groups) and amino acids (free amino groups).
They begin to occur at lower temperatures and at
higher dilutions than caramelization.
Browning, or the Maillard reaction, creates flavor
and changes the color of food, the taste and color
to baked bread and even the turning of beer
brown. Maillard reactions generally only begin to
occur above 285°F (140°C). Until the Maillard reaction occurs meat will have less flavor. Shown above are two
identical dishes cooked (left) below (140°C) and right at much higher temperatures. Both carmelization and the
maillard reaction only occur on the right producing the noticeable brown color.
The Maillard reaction is a chemical reaction between an amino acid and a reducing sugar, usually requiring the
addition of heat. The reactive sugar interacts with the amino group of the amino acid, and an interesting but poorly
characterized odor and flavor molecules result. This process accelerates in an alkaline environment because the
amino groups do not neutralize. This reaction is the basis of the flavoring industry, since the type of amino acid
determines the resulting flavor.
In simple terms, certain foods contain carbohydrates in the form of sugars, while others contain amino acids in the form
of proteins. These sugars and amino acids often exist side-by-side, as in the case of raw meats. They may also be
blended together, as in the case of bread dough. As long as there is no outside catalysts, or cause for change, the
meat remains red and the bread dough remains white.
The Maillard reaction is the catalyst for change, primarily by the addition of heat. When bread dough or meat is
introduced to a hot oven, a complex chemical reaction occurs on the surface. The carbon molecules contained in the
sugars, or carbohydrates, combine with the amino acids of the proteins. This combination cannot occur without the
additional heat source. The end result of this chemical recombination is the Maillard reaction. The surface of the
heated bread dough is now brown, as is the outer layer of the roasted meat.
The Maillard Reaction (also known as browning)is a type of non-enzymatic browning whichinvolves the reaction of simple sugars (carbonylgroups) and amino acids (free amino groups).They begin to occur at lower temperatures and athigher dilutions than caramelization.Browning, or the Maillard reaction, creates flavorand changes the color of food, the taste and colorto baked bread and even the turning of beerbrown. Maillard reactions generally only begin tooccur above 285°F (140°C). Until the Maillard reaction occurs meat will have less flavor. Shown above are twoidentical dishes cooked (left) below (140°C) and right at much higher temperatures. Both carmelization and themaillard reaction only occur on the right producing the noticeable brown color.The Maillard reaction is a chemical reaction between an amino acid and a reducing sugar, usually requiring theaddition of heat. The reactive sugar interacts with the amino group of the amino acid, and an interesting but poorlycharacterized odor and flavor molecules result. This process accelerates in an alkaline environment because theamino groups do not neutralize. This reaction is the basis of the flavoring industry, since the type of amino aciddetermines the resulting flavor.In simple terms, certain foods contain carbohydrates in the form of sugars, while others contain amino acids in the formof proteins. These sugars and amino acids often exist side-by-side, as in the case of raw meats. They may also beblended together, as in the case of bread dough. As long as there is no outside catalysts, or cause for change, themeat remains red and the bread dough remains white.The Maillard reaction is the catalyst for change, primarily by the addition of heat. When bread dough or meat isintroduced to a hot oven, a complex chemical reaction occurs on the surface. The carbon molecules contained in thesugars, or carbohydrates, combine with the amino acids of the proteins. This combination cannot occur without theadditional heat source. The end result of this chemical recombination is the Maillard reaction. The surface of theheated bread dough is now brown, as is the outer layer of the roasted meat.
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