2.4. Ethanol production medium
Dates Syrup containing 174.0 ± 0.2 kg m_3 and 358.0 ± 1.0 kg m_3 was supplemented with mineral
culture medium as described previously by Djelal et al. [25]. The pH was adjusted to 6.0 using KOH
1000 molm_3. The medium was transferred into 500 cm3 bottles with a final working volume of
300 cm3, which were autoclaved at 120 _C for 20 min before adding the NH4Cl sterilized by filtration on
a 0.2 mmmembrane (Sartorius, Goettingen, Germany).