Technical performance can be measured through:
• Collection rate (how much waste is collected as a % of total amount generated)
• Collection coverage (how many people are served as a % of the total population)
• Areas not served by regular collection (which and how many)
• Number of litter bins in commercial areas
• Vehicle productivity (amount of waste collected per route and per time unit)
• Duration and volume of one collection round trip (collection, transfer to disposal site and back)
• Average % downtime of vehicles
• Performance of waste processing plants (amount processed as % of design capacity)
should be separated at source as much as possible to improve
the quality of materials for reuse and recycling (including
organics for composting), to reduce energy use in collection and
to improve working conditions at all stages. This will benefit also
those earning a living from waste recovery (Lardinois and
Furedy, 1999). Separation at source of hazardous waste has
the additional advantage that it reduces the risks of handling
municipal waste.
Photo 3. Small enterprise buying a variety of recyclables, El
Salvador.
Photo: ©WASTE, Carlos Avalos
16 Integrated Sustainable Waste Management - the Concept
In addition, the hierarchy promotes the recovery – through reuse, recycling composting – of as many waste materials as possible
before disposal or incineration. Advantages of reuse and recycling are:
1. Reduction of the amount of materials requiring collection and disposal, which means:
2. Longer lifetimes for landfills; more capacity for waste in other kinds of treatment facilities
3. Lower transportation and landfill costs
4. More reliable and local supply of raw materials to local industries, avoiding using foreign exchange and import procedures
5. Reduced extraction of non-renewable raw or virgin materials and associated environmental devastation
6. Reduced deforestation
7. Conservation of resources, energy and water
8. Provision of income and employment
9. Availability of affordable products for the poor
Policies based on the hierarchy seek to maximise the recovery options and to minimise disposal through open dumping, controlled
disposal and landfilling. Once possibilities for recovery have been exhausted, policies based on the hierarchy favour safe disposal,
limiting negative impact on the environment and natural resources as much as possible.
The waste management hierarchy is an example of how ISWM adapts an existing environmental policy to support its environmental
aspect in determining the form of the waste elements. Similar policy instruments support other aspects, such as non-discrimination
policies, which support the social aspect. Like all policies, the hierarchy needs to be applied with certain flexibility. Sometimes
recycling may not be the right solution and other solutions like incineration may be more appropriate, for example in the case of
healthcare waste. Nevertheless, the waste management hierarchy is an important guideline for ISWM.
Technical performance can be measured through:
• Collection rate (how much waste is collected as a % of total amount generated)
• Collection coverage (how many people are served as a % of the total population)
• Areas not served by regular collection (which and how many)
• Number of litter bins in commercial areas
• Vehicle productivity (amount of waste collected per route and per time unit)
• Duration and volume of one collection round trip (collection, transfer to disposal site and back)
• Average % downtime of vehicles
• Performance of waste processing plants (amount processed as % of design capacity)
should be separated at source as much as possible to improve
the quality of materials for reuse and recycling (including
organics for composting), to reduce energy use in collection and
to improve working conditions at all stages. This will benefit also
those earning a living from waste recovery (Lardinois and
Furedy, 1999). Separation at source of hazardous waste has
the additional advantage that it reduces the risks of handling
municipal waste.
Photo 3. Small enterprise buying a variety of recyclables, El
Salvador.
Photo: ©WASTE, Carlos Avalos
16 Integrated Sustainable Waste Management - the Concept
In addition, the hierarchy promotes the recovery – through reuse, recycling composting – of as many waste materials as possible
before disposal or incineration. Advantages of reuse and recycling are:
1. Reduction of the amount of materials requiring collection and disposal, which means:
2. Longer lifetimes for landfills; more capacity for waste in other kinds of treatment facilities
3. Lower transportation and landfill costs
4. More reliable and local supply of raw materials to local industries, avoiding using foreign exchange and import procedures
5. Reduced extraction of non-renewable raw or virgin materials and associated environmental devastation
6. Reduced deforestation
7. Conservation of resources, energy and water
8. Provision of income and employment
9. Availability of affordable products for the poor
Policies based on the hierarchy seek to maximise the recovery options and to minimise disposal through open dumping, controlled
disposal and landfilling. Once possibilities for recovery have been exhausted, policies based on the hierarchy favour safe disposal,
limiting negative impact on the environment and natural resources as much as possible.
The waste management hierarchy is an example of how ISWM adapts an existing environmental policy to support its environmental
aspect in determining the form of the waste elements. Similar policy instruments support other aspects, such as non-discrimination
policies, which support the social aspect. Like all policies, the hierarchy needs to be applied with certain flexibility. Sometimes
recycling may not be the right solution and other solutions like incineration may be more appropriate, for example in the case of
healthcare waste. Nevertheless, the waste management hierarchy is an important guideline for ISWM.
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ประสิทธิภาพทางเทคนิคสามารถวัดได้ผ่าน :
- เก็บคะแนน ( เสียเท่าไหร่ เก็บตาม % ของจำนวนเงินทั้งหมดที่สร้างขึ้น )
- โสดาบัน ( จํานวนคนที่ทำหน้าที่เป็น % ของประชากรทั้งหมด )
- พื้นที่ไม่เสิร์ฟโดยคอลเลกชันปกติ ( ที่และวิธีการหลาย )
- จำนวนขยะถังขยะใน พื้นที่เชิงพาณิชย์
• Vehicle productivity (amount of waste collected per route and per time unit)
• Duration and volume of one collection round trip (collection, transfer to disposal site and back)
• Average % downtime of vehicles
• Performance of waste processing plants (amount processed as % of design capacity)
should be separated at source as much as possible to improve
the quality of materials for reuse and recycling (including
organics for composting), to reduce energy use in collection and
to improve working conditions at all stages. This will benefit also
those earning a living from waste recovery (Lardinois and
Furedy, 1999). Separation at source of hazardous waste has
the additional advantage that it reduces the risks of handling
municipal waste.
Photo 3. Small enterprise buying a variety of recyclables, El
Salvador.
Photo: ©WASTE, Carlos Avalos
16 Integrated Sustainable Waste Management - the Concept
In addition, the hierarchy promotes the recovery – through reuse, recycling composting – of as many waste materials as possible
before disposal or incineration. Advantages of reuse and recycling are:
1.การลดปริมาณของวัสดุที่ต้องเก็บและกำจัด ซึ่งหมายความว่า :
2 ช่วงชีวิตอีกต่อไปสำหรับการฝังกลบมากขึ้นความจุของเสียชนิดอื่น ๆของเครื่องรักษา
3 ขนส่งลดลงและต้นทุนกลบ
4 เชื่อถือได้มากขึ้นและท้องถิ่นจัดหาวัตถุดิบเพื่ออุตสาหกรรมท้องถิ่นหลีกเลี่ยงการแลกเปลี่ยนเงินตราต่างประเทศ และกระบวนการนำเข้า
5 Reduced extraction of non-renewable raw or virgin materials and associated environmental devastation
6. Reduced deforestation
7. Conservation of resources, energy and water
8. Provision of income and employment
9. Availability of affordable products for the poor
Policies based on the hierarchy seek to maximise the recovery options and to minimise disposal through open dumping, controlled
disposal and landfilling. Once possibilities for recovery have been exhausted, policies based on the hierarchy favour safe disposal,
limiting negative impact on the environment and natural resources as much as possible.
The waste management hierarchy is an example of how ISWM adapts an existing environmental policy to support its environmental
aspect in determining the form of the waste elements. Similar policy instruments support other aspects, such as non-discrimination
policies, which support the social aspect. Like all policies, the hierarchy needs to be applied with certain flexibility. Sometimes
recycling may not be the right solution and other solutions like incineration may be more appropriate, for example in the case of
healthcare waste. Nevertheless, the waste management hierarchy is an important guideline for ISWM.
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