Specific gravity of cake batter Changes in the specific
gravity of cake batter due to shortening replacement with
pectin gel are shown in Fig. 2. While the specific gravity
of control batter was 81.1%, the value ranged from 83.2 to
90.9 when 30% of the shortening was replaced with pectin
gel. Thus, more shortening replacement caused a significant
increase in the specific gravity of the cake batter (p