Fig. 4 shows product distribution in pyrolysis of palm and Jatropha
wastes at 478 °C. Pyrolysis liquid yields showed 48–54 wt.% and JSC
and PKS showed no significant differences of the liquid yields. EFB
showed a higher fractionated oil yield than the other wastes. The
liquid yield is seem to be reasonable, compared with other fast pyrolysis
studies [2,3,5–7], although yields varied with reactor type or
geometry and the fluidizing conditions, such as gas velocity and
static or expanded bed height in the bed. The lowest amount of
char was obtained from PKS. Char formation is related with the lignin
[19] and cellulose [20,21] contents. The lignin, which is polyaromatic
compound, can be partly converted into the char in the
pyrolysis. The char may form directly from cellulose by dehydration
and secondary char can be formed from the repolymerization of primary
product. Although the primary char formation from cellulose
pyrolysis is not the dominant reaction in the fluidized bed pyrolysis
with high heating rate, the secondary char formation can contribute
to the increase of char yield in this study because hot particle
entrainment causes the secondary reaction of volatile by as described
in Fig. 3(c). Such a relationship between lignin and cellulose
contents and char yield was observed here. The pyrolysis liquid's
aqueous proportions did not vary greatly between wastes. This is
reasonable, given that it originated from dehydration reactions of
organic compounds at similar temperature and free water in biomass
after the same pretreatment of the raw materials.
Fig. 4 shows product distribution in pyrolysis of palm and Jatropha
wastes at 478 °C. Pyrolysis liquid yields showed 48–54 wt.% and JSC
and PKS showed no significant differences of the liquid yields. EFB
showed a higher fractionated oil yield than the other wastes. The
liquid yield is seem to be reasonable, compared with other fast pyrolysis
studies [2,3,5–7], although yields varied with reactor type or
geometry and the fluidizing conditions, such as gas velocity and
static or expanded bed height in the bed. The lowest amount of
char was obtained from PKS. Char formation is related with the lignin
[19] and cellulose [20,21] contents. The lignin, which is polyaromatic
compound, can be partly converted into the char in the
pyrolysis. The char may form directly from cellulose by dehydration
and secondary char can be formed from the repolymerization of primary
product. Although the primary char formation from cellulose
pyrolysis is not the dominant reaction in the fluidized bed pyrolysis
with high heating rate, the secondary char formation can contribute
to the increase of char yield in this study because hot particle
entrainment causes the secondary reaction of volatile by as described
in Fig. 3(c). Such a relationship between lignin and cellulose
contents and char yield was observed here. The pyrolysis liquid's
aqueous proportions did not vary greatly between wastes. This is
reasonable, given that it originated from dehydration reactions of
organic compounds at similar temperature and free water in biomass
after the same pretreatment of the raw materials.
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