Standardizing output will often be necessary if the service delivery process involves a high degree of unpredictable involvement on the part of the client. Teaching is one of the best examples. It is difficult – if not, impossible – to standardize the process if service delivery in this case due to the highly unpredictable and particular circumstance in which teaching has to take place. Every group of students has its own particularities. In order to guarantee continuity of competitiveness is a kind of service process, it makes sense only to standardize the output. This ‘output standardization’ often goes hand – in- hand with an emphasis on ‘input’ competencies and empowerment. Teachers need a comparatively long period of training and apprenticeship in order to develop adequate didactic insights and skills. Equipped with these skills, they are allowed considerable discretion in how to teach. Another example is physicians: here standardization with ‘skills’ is matched by decision latitude on how to handle a specific patient. Generally speaking, for task- and personal-interactive services there will often be a combination of input and output standardization, while the process is far less ‘determined’.