From a lean engineering perspective, this hinders the detection of
potential “defects” (distresses) at an early stage (during or shortly after construction) when corrective measures can
be taken. This, in turn, results in delayed problem detection which will most likely occur after the distresses appear,
leading to premature rehabilitation and/or reconstruction (e.g. waste of resources, money, energy, and
workmanship). From a sustainability standpoint, premature rehabilitation and/or reconstruction leads to higher
consumption of natural resources (asphalt and aggregates) and increased emissions due to the construction process
(asphalt concrete manufacturing and construction machinery). Based on the aforementioned, relying solely on
binder content for pay factors (incentives and penalties) is thus not highly accurate.