The product mixture was then allowed to separate into three distinct phases based on the difference in density, with the toluene-soluble extract contain-ing bio-oil on the top, followed by toluene insoluble phase (solid residues) and an aqueous phase in the middle and bottom levels,respectively.
-soluble extract
The toluene-soluble phase was then filtered to remove any suspended solid particles
Bio-oil was obtained after the toluene is evaporated. The bio-oil yield was calculated using