and the average shoot length (SL the length of the longest lean. total root length (TRL), total root surface area (RSA). root diameter (RD), total root volume (RV), and root numbers (RN) were examined. After the scanning the seedlings were cut and divided into shoots and roots, and measured their fresh weight. These samples were then dried at 105 °C for 2 h, followed by 70°C until reaching a stable mass in a forced air-driven oven before measuring the dry mass. The roots were rinsed 4 times with deionized water before subjected to drying. After measuring the dry mass, the samples were cut with a scissor to 10 mm pieces and digested completely with an HNO