5. Conclusion
In conclusion, this study provides the first in vivo evidence of high cadmium concentrations in circulation as associated with a specific type of housing and alcohol consumption in adolescents. The present study suggests that residential environment and lifestyle characteristics are important predictors in determining blood cadmium levels. Further studies are required to explore possible mechanisms involved in increased blood cadmium levels relating to specific housing type and alcohol consumption.
Conflict of interest
The authors report no conflicts of interest.
Acknowledgement
We thank the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for providing the data