Based upon this model, an initial pool of 20 items was developed. The items included a cognitive dimension (6 items), an affective dimension (7 items) and a behavioral dimension (7 items). There were
both negatively stated (10) and positively stated (10) items. Examples of instrument items were: (a) “Smoking ruins my health;” (b) “Smoking calms me down when I am upset;” and, (c) “ I want to see if I am strong enough to be a nonsmoker.” Responses were scaled on a 4-point Likert-like scale ranging from 1 = absolutely disagree to 4 = absolutely agree. The 10 negatively stated items were reverse-scored prior to analysis. To obtain a total score, all responses were summed giving a possible range of scores from 20 to 80.Items were stated to reflect a positive attitude toward smoking. Thus, the higher the total score, the more positive the attitude towards smoking
Based upon this model, an initial pool of 20 items was developed. The items included a cognitive dimension (6 items), an affective dimension (7 items) and a behavioral dimension (7 items). There were both negatively stated (10) and positively stated (10) items. Examples of instrument items were: (a) “Smoking ruins my health;” (b) “Smoking calms me down when I am upset;” and, (c) “ I want to see if I am strong enough to be a nonsmoker.” Responses were scaled on a 4-point Likert-like scale ranging from 1 = absolutely disagree to 4 = absolutely agree. The 10 negatively stated items were reverse-scored prior to analysis. To obtain a total score, all responses were summed giving a possible range of scores from 20 to 80.Items were stated to reflect a positive attitude toward smoking. Thus, the higher the total score, the more positive the attitude towards smoking
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