a b s t r a c t
Starch and cell wall polysaccharides (dietary fibre) of cereal grains contribute to the health benefits
associated with the consumption of whole grain cereal products, including reduced risk of obesity, type 2
diabetes, cardiovascular disease and colorectal cancer. The physiological bases for these effects are
reviewed in relation to the structures and physical properties of the polysaccharides and their behaviour
(including digestion and fermentation) in the gastro-intestinal tract. Strategies for modifying the content
and composition of grain polysaccharides to increase their health benefits are discussed, including
exploiting natural variation and using mutagenesis and transgenesis to generate further variation. These
studies will facilitate the development of new types of cereals and cereal products to face the major
health challenges of the 21st century.