Worse than that, not only is there prejudice against local knowledge, but also racial discrimination is documented in Western publishing. The way Western scholars used to perceive China is ―extremely condescending, regarding China as an exotic, backward, only semi-civilized and in some ways rather barbaric country‖ (Encyclopaedia Britannica as cited in Pennycook, 2002, p. 99). Pennycook (2002) further argues the inhumane description about Chinese people, made by Western scholars, as appeared in The Popular Encyclopedia