Data Collection and Analysis
We gained university and hospital institutional review
board approval to collect data from 21 individual
interviews and 7 focus groups that involved an
additional 29 participants. We also received approval
to conduct on-the-job observations. We used the same
semistructured interview guide for the individual and
group interviews. First, we encouraged all interviewees
to describe the characteristics of professional nurses in
their communication with colleagues. The interviewer
followed up with questions designed to gather stories
about how nurses enacted the described behaviors