Methane emissions from livestock are a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions and have
become a focus of research activities, especially in countries where agriculture is a major economic sector.
Understanding the complexity of the rumen microbiota, including methane-producing Archaea, is in
its infancy. There are currently no robust, reproducible and economically viable methods for reducing
methane emissions from ruminants grazing on pasture and novel innovative strategies to diminish methane
output from livestock are required.
In this review, current approaches towards mitigation of methane in pastoral farming are summarised.
Research strategies based on vaccination, enzyme inhibitors, phage, homoacetogens, defaunation, feed
supplements, and animal selection are reviewed. Many approaches are currently being investigated,
and it is likely that more than one strategy will be required to enable pastoral farming to lower its emissions
of methane significantly. Different strategies may be suitable for different farming practices and
systems.
Methane emissions from livestock are a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions and havebecome a focus of research activities, especially in countries where agriculture is a major economic sector.Understanding the complexity of the rumen microbiota, including methane-producing Archaea, is inits infancy. There are currently no robust, reproducible and economically viable methods for reducingmethane emissions from ruminants grazing on pasture and novel innovative strategies to diminish methaneoutput from livestock are required.In this review, current approaches towards mitigation of methane in pastoral farming are summarised.Research strategies based on vaccination, enzyme inhibitors, phage, homoacetogens, defaunation, feedsupplements, and animal selection are reviewed. Many approaches are currently being investigated,and it is likely that more than one strategy will be required to enable pastoral farming to lower its emissionsof methane significantly. Different strategies may be suitable for different farming practices andsystems.
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