vEducationists have dealt with the problem of activity for a long time. The beginnings of their efforts are
noticeable as long ago as with J. A. Comenius. He proceeds from antique experience and perceives activity as a part
of nature. His pedagogical views put emphasis upon a work which enables pupils to be active and work by
themselves. Pupil's position is seen as the position of a man who is independent having his rights. Com adopts the
role of a teacher, whose leader ship is predominant, but he requires student's activity at the same time. The process
of making independent should be applicate in a gradual manner.
Pupil's activity had been mostly explored at the beginning of the 20th century. In those days it had been taken as a
necessary and important part of the process introducing to e.g. Daltonic plan or project methods. There has been a
talk about so called new education. (Skalková, 1971). As early as the 18th century J. J. Rousseau explains the