was only 1.89% (w/w) of the dry cassava residues weight as shown in the Materials and Methods section, and the insoluble solids con- tent was 8.04% (w/w) in the slurry, then the total residual starch was equivalent to 1.52 g/L (starch content in cassava residues 1.89% multiplied the insoluble solids content in the slurry 8.04%).