Abstract—New meander line antennas with improved gain are
proposed as low-profile self-resonant tags for application in passive
radio frequency identification. Antenna shape and size is optimized
by genetic algorithm taking into account the conductor losses. Examples
are presented for application at 869 MHz with antennas of
different materials and sizes.
Index Terms—Genetic algorithms, miniaturized antenna, small
antenna, transponders.
With reference to Fig. 1, the parameters of a symmetric rectangular
are: the number of turns, the length of the
horizontal ( and ) and vertical ( and ) segments
of the th turn and the length of the central segments and
. The commonly used configuration is the uniform MLA
(U-MLA), which is a particular geometry described by only
three parameters— , , and —hereafter
denoted as U- . The most general symmetrical
nonuniform is singled out by parameters.
Design