To date, aquatic plants are the only choices for PMFCs, and
these include reed manna grass (Glyceria maxima),[11] rice
plant,[14, 15] S. anglica, Anisogramma anomala, and Arundo
donax.[13, 16] Selecting the most suitable plant is a promising
way to increase electricity output. Aquatic plants are sensitive
to solution conductivity, for example, rice growth is negatively
affected at conductivities under 0.6 Sm1.[17] The conductivity
of the electrolyte can be improved by an increase in salinity
when using seawater plants in PMFCs.[13] In addition, rice has
to be harvested after four months; utilizing perennial aquatic
plants in the system will decrease the installation costs for the
electrodes and elongate power generation.