Each of the tested extracts displayed antibacterial activity
against MRSA, ESBL-producing bacteria and CRE. Furthermore,
all extracts showed highly varying MIC values against
those resistant bacteria, but the lowest MIC value belonged to
S. alata leaf extract (512 mg/mL) and K. pandurata (256 mg/mL)
against MRSA. A previous study has shown that S. alata is
susceptible to Streptococcus pyogenes and S. aureus, and the
ethanolic extract of K. pandurata had antibacterial activity
against MRSA, methicillin-susceptible S. aureus and Salmonella
typhi at varying values of MIC [7]. MRSA has the ability to grow
in the presence of beta-lactams and its derivatives, including
cephalosporin and penicillin. This resistance is intrinsic and can
be transferred to susceptible strains through horizontal transfer
of the mecA gene [16]. All plant extracts showed no antibacterial
activity with their high MIC values against ESBL-producing
bacteria and CRE.