B.H.Gilmer (1966, p.57) defines organizational climate as "those characteristics that distinguish the organization from other organizations and that influence the behavior of people in the organizations." George Litwin and Robert Stringer (1968,p.1) introduce perception into their definition of climate : "a set of measurable properties of the work environment, based on the collective perceptions of the people who live and work in the environment and demonstrated to influence their behavior." Over the years, there has been some consensus on the basic properties of organizational climate. Marshall Poole (1985) summarizes the agreement as follows