Methanol, hexane and chloroform were purchased from Thermofisher (Auckland, New Zealand) and were of HPLC grade. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), fucoxanthin and canthaxanthin standards were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Japanese and Korean wakame (U. pinnatifida) commercial products were purchased from a Korean Supermarket in Auckland, New Zealand.