To return to the illustration presented earlier, the boxer is treated as a tiger, and "tigerness
provides the focus of detailed theory and research,
often to the exclusion of all else. Such a perspective results
in a premature closure in both thought and inquiry. Schools
of theorists committed to particular approaches and concepts
often view alternative perspectives as misguided, or
as presenting threats to the nature of their basic endeavor.
The approaches, techniques, concepts and findings which
these alternative perspectives generate are often interpreted
and evaluated in inappropriate ways, with great loss of significant
meaning.