Compaction may limit the activity of enzymes involved in nutrient mineralization because of decreased oxygen in the
soil for those reactions or organisms requiring an aerobic environment. Conversely, anaerobic conditions from
compaction or water saturation increase enzymatic reaction rates related to denitrification. Application of materials
containing heavy metals can reduce enzyme activity (e.g., amidase) due to their toxic effect on soil organisms and
roots or direct inhibition of enzyme reactions.