The simulated runoff solution was mixed continuously with
additional lake water in the control/mixing tank and then flowed
through the 2.5 m control tank before being collected for calibrated
distribution within the treatment tanks. Simulated runoff solution
flowed at 140 mL/min into the 1.15 m2 treatment tanks and
at 450 mL/min into the 3.03 m2 tank, achieving a 3-day hydraulic
retention time (HRT) for each experimental FTW unit. Rainfall was
not measured, but the system was open to air and any rainfall
impacts on nutrient presence were accounted for in water samples
collected.