There are four major stakeholders, i.e. shippers, freight carriers, administrators, and residents who are involved in
city logistics. Since these stakeholders have different objectives and different perspectives on urban freight transport,
coordination amongst the stakeholders is required to make progress towards more sustainable and liveable cities.
Three elements are essential for promoting city logistics; (a) Application of innovative technologies of ICT
(Information and Communication Technology) and ITS (Intelligent Transport Systems), (b) Change in mind-sets of
logistics managers, and (c) Public-private partnerships. First, the application of innovative technologies of ICT and
ITS in urban freight transport allow the collection of precise data of pickup-delivery truck movements on urban road
networks with lower costs. Digital data can be fully used to optimise the vehicle routing and scheduling planning in
a dynamic and stochastic manner (Taniguchi and Shimamoto, 2004; Ando and Taniguchi, 2006). This type of
optimisation of vehicle operations can contribute towards reducing logistics costs, decreasing CO2, NOx and SPM
emissions as well as alleviating traffic congestion. Therefore, both private companies and society at large can benefit
from the application of innovative ICT and ITS technologies in terms of the efficiency of logistics as well as the
reduction of negative environmental impacts