Aetiology
Feline Gingivitis/Stomatitis
Feline gingivitis/stomatitis has a complex aetiology that may include infection with feline calicivirus and/or, less frequently, feline herpesvirus. Some cases may have an immune mediated component, including hypersensitivity to dietary or bacterial antigens. Concurrent oral, dental or periodontal diseases are likely to be important contributing factors.
Diagnosis
Feline calicivirus and feline herpesvirus can be isolated by submitting oropharyngeal swabs in virus transport medium. A PCR test is also available for diagnosis of feline herpesvirus.
Swabs for bacterial isolation can be submitted in standard charcoal or other suitable bacteriological media.
Biopsy of the gingival and oral mucosa can sometimes be of value in differentiating chronic active gingivitis, eosinophilic stomatitis, plasmacytic stomatitis, neoplasia and other oral diseases.
Treatment
A broad range of options are available for treatment of feline gingivitis/stomatitis. Drug doses should be according to the manufacturers’ recommendations.
Dental surgery with tooth removal if necessary.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may be used in preference to corticosteroids. Antimicrobial agents are often indicated.
Interferon has been used in cases of gingivitis/stomatitis but currently there are few results from controlled clinical trials to establish the efficacy of interferon treatment in
this condition.
Dietary modification, such as the introduction of hypoallergenic or additive-free foods, may be beneficial in some cases of stomatitis/gingivitis.
Aetiology Feline Gingivitis/Stomatitis Feline gingivitis/stomatitis has a complex aetiology that may include infection with feline calicivirus and/or, less frequently, feline herpesvirus. Some cases may have an immune mediated component, including hypersensitivity to dietary or bacterial antigens. Concurrent oral, dental or periodontal diseases are likely to be important contributing factors.Diagnosis Feline calicivirus and feline herpesvirus can be isolated by submitting oropharyngeal swabs in virus transport medium. A PCR test is also available for diagnosis of feline herpesvirus. Swabs for bacterial isolation can be submitted in standard charcoal or other suitable bacteriological media. Biopsy of the gingival and oral mucosa can sometimes be of value in differentiating chronic active gingivitis, eosinophilic stomatitis, plasmacytic stomatitis, neoplasia and other oral diseases.TreatmentA broad range of options are available for treatment of feline gingivitis/stomatitis. Drug doses should be according to the manufacturers’ recommendations. Dental surgery with tooth removal if necessary. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may be used in preference to corticosteroids. Antimicrobial agents are often indicated. Interferon has been used in cases of gingivitis/stomatitis but currently there are few results from controlled clinical trials to establish the efficacy of interferon treatment inthis condition.
Dietary modification, such as the introduction of hypoallergenic or additive-free foods, may be beneficial in some cases of stomatitis/gingivitis.
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