Figure 3: A photograph showing conventional and miniaturized Peltier modules.
1.2 Microdevices
The use of thin-films deposition techniques with microsystems technologies renewed interest in the thermoelectricity. Integration of efficient solid-state thermoelectric microdevices with microelectronics is desirable for local cooling and thermoelectric microgeneration, since they can be used to stabilise the temperature of devices, decrease noise levels and increase operation speed. An array of such devices can also be used for lab-on-chip applications, where the precise temperature control is required. Despite the range of exciting applications, only few approaches to manufacture thermoelectric devices with small dimensions were reported up to now [3-6]. Also, the Peltier devices can convert thermal energy to electrical energy, because they are reversible. Electronic devices with low-power consumptions can be supplied with these energy converters. Examples of electronic devices include electronics embedded in wearables, wristwatches, among others. The last application has been widely explored by Seiko [7] and by Citizen [8]. The Citizen’s Eco-Drive Thermo watch contains a generator composed by 1242 thermoelectric elements capable to produce a voltage of 640 mV with a power of 13.8 μW, for each degree temperature difference. The Seiko's Thermic watch can generates 200 mV of voltage with 1040 Peltier elements under the same conditions.
Figure 3: A photograph showing conventional and miniaturized Peltier modules.
1.2 Microdevices
The use of thin-films deposition techniques with microsystems technologies renewed interest in the thermoelectricity. Integration of efficient solid-state thermoelectric microdevices with microelectronics is desirable for local cooling and thermoelectric microgeneration, since they can be used to stabilise the temperature of devices, decrease noise levels and increase operation speed. An array of such devices can also be used for lab-on-chip applications, where the precise temperature control is required. Despite the range of exciting applications, only few approaches to manufacture thermoelectric devices with small dimensions were reported up to now [3-6]. Also, the Peltier devices can convert thermal energy to electrical energy, because they are reversible. Electronic devices with low-power consumptions can be supplied with these energy converters. Examples of electronic devices include electronics embedded in wearables, wristwatches, among others. The last application has been widely explored by Seiko [7] and by Citizen [8]. The Citizen’s Eco-Drive Thermo watch contains a generator composed by 1242 thermoelectric elements capable to produce a voltage of 640 mV with a power of 13.8 μW, for each degree temperature difference. The Seiko's Thermic watch can generates 200 mV of voltage with 1040 Peltier elements under the same conditions.
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