The PVNR film (1 mm thick) samples were characterized by using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR Spectrum Spotlight 300; PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA, USA).
Since the UV-irradiated PVNRL and the NR latex (both as liquids) were in liquid form, containing a large amount of water
and ammonia molecules, the excessive 1H signals from water and ammonia dominated the 1H signals of the latexes, coagent, and phtoinitiator that needed to be investigated. Therefore, the UV-irradiated PVNRL and the NR latex were only characterized using 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (Bruker Biospin 500 13C NMR operating at 500 MHz). The
samples for 13C NMR were prepared and measured at 25 °C.17