In the research community, this led to a focus upon public management as a discipline
in its own right often located, in the UK at least, within management and business
schools.
In the years since it first contested the territory of PAM with PA, though, the nature
and/or success(es) of the NPM have been questioned on a range of grounds (see, for
example, Farnham and Horton 1996; Ferlie et al. 1996; McLaughlin et al. 2002). Critics
have argued, inter alia, that: