extraction (E ¼ 0 kV/cm). The PEF efficiency is improved when the
electric field strength is increased up to 20 kV/cm and at a higher
temperature (50 C). In these conditions, the polyphenols yield
reaches 3.4 0.2 g GAE/100 g DM. For our following experiments,
the retained process parameters were E ¼ 20 kV/cm and T ¼ 50 C.
The improvement of polyphenols extraction with PEF treatment
may result from the electropermeabilisation of the intact grape
seeds cells (Vorobiev & Lebovka, 2008). However, grape seeds may
contain a number of damaged cells due to the drying step. On the
other hand, the PEF efficiency for polyphenols extraction may be